My wife and I remember this differently, but I don't recall many people studying for or worrying about the SAT test in the 1980s. There were test-preparation booklets and courses available, but the general consensus as I remember it was that you couldn't really study for this test, just as you couldn't really study for an IQ test. It was designed by experts in assessment to measure your ability to think and the likelihood of your success in college. (This viewpoint was confirmed by Brandon in a recent reviewing of a 90120 episode, in which he says "you can't study" for the SATs, even as his always-in-for-a-scam friend Steve Sanders spends hundreds of dollars on a prep package. Of course Brandon was being naive, and I know the fact that I have been watching 90210, in reruns no less, says little of my own intelligence or credibility.)
Granted, the stakes were lower in the 1980s. Admission into the Ivies was still very difficult and mysterious, but getting into the flagship public universities like the University of Texas at Austin was much easier. Fewer people were attending college, and those who knew they were college bound tended to have a pretty good idea, more or less, of where they were going. As has been well documented in writing and films about Generation X, parents were much more hands-off, as well. This had its advantages and disadvantages -- perhaps better fleshed out in another piece.
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The New York Times piece mentions paying "editors" to help with college-admissions essays as well. This might seem innocent enough, but I can tell you from personal experience that students often want more than revision suggestions or basic editing assistance, and, in many cases, I'm sure the consultant ends up being the main author of the essay. We end up with a seemingly holistic piece of evidence that really tells us nothing about the student. This is corrupt, yes, but it can even happen without money being exchanged, such as when a student is simply able to enlist the help of an older sibling, parent, or teacher.
Those objecting to this point of view (that admissions corruption is a matter of degree) argue that these minor acts of subversion obviously do not compare to the fraud and outright bribery alleged in the FBI sting. There are many comments under the N.Y. Times op-ed that say this very thing, and it is true enough as a basic matter of fact. "Getting help" on an essay is not a crime, and in many cases is encouraged as part of the process, an acknowledgement that writing is a collaborative activity involving conversation and exchange of ideas. On moral and ethical levels, however, we're really just talking about how far one is willing to go. This doesn't mean that a student "shouldn't" get help or advice (or even a paid tutor) in writing a college-admissions essay; I have even helped students myself. We should be reminded, though, that what a college is or should be really interested in is the abilities and voice of the student.
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